In SSBN's it was need to know and only a few did know. Navigator and Missile1, maybe they told the skipper

). Also a few of the navcentre crew would probably know but I never heard them talk about it.
In conventional boats on sneakies the charts were not on the chart table, only a blank plot sheet. You could tell by the water temperature if you was far north, a bit hit and miss.
On a regular transit or exercise anyone could look at the charts as long as you didn't get in the way.
I reckon a lot of it these days is on computer screen and digitally stored.